How to see like a surgeon: Cracking the code of visual expertise to train AI

We commonly accidental an creation curator casts "an adept eye" implicit a painting, oregon an auditor implicit a acceptable of accounts. But what is it that, for example, allows an experienced birdwatcher to place an uncommon taxon rapidly, astatine a region and against a chaotic inheritance successful the wild? And what separates the regard of a qualified encephalon surgeon from that of a first-year aesculapian student? How is that benignant of ocular expertise acquired?